Renal Microvascular Complications Of Type 2 Diabetes Essay

Renal Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes: Aetiology and Pathogenesis Abstract There have been a number of manuscripts reporting on the association of complications in type 2 diabetes with high glucose blood levels, high levels of C-Peptide, high advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and oxidative stress. In order to further investigate the aetiology and pathophysiology of renal microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes, papers were reviewed through 2000 using the NIH PubMed Literature Search System. Inclusion criteria were that manuscripts 1) be primary peer-review research article; 2) concisely explained, or investigated, the pathophysiology of renal microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes; 3) be published in English. High blood glucose levels and enhanced oxidative stress, found in both clinical and experimental diabetes, are thought to be the main cause of chronic diabetic complications. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) resulted to be strongly correlated to renal microvascular complications via enhanced expression of adhesion molecules, including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Renal Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes: Aetiology and Pathogenesis Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a complex disease withShow MoreRelatedInvestigating The Aetiology And Pathophysiology Of Renal Microvascular Complications1094 Words   |  5 Pages There have been a number of manuscripts reporting on the association of complications in type 2 diabetes with high glucose blood levels, high levels of C-Peptide, high advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and oxidative stress. In order to further investigate the aetiology and pathophysiology of renal microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes, papers were reviewed through 2000 using the NIH PubMed Literature Search System. Inclusion criteriaRead MoreDiabetic Microvascular : Leading Cause Blindness762 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetic microvascular complications are the leading cause of blindness, end-stage renal diseases, and other neuropathies due to hypoxia and ischemia in the retina, the kidney, and nerves. Thickening of the capillary basement membrane result in decreased tissue perfusion. Many people with type 2 diabetes present with microvascular complications because of the long duration of asymptomatic hyperglycemia that usually precedes diagnosis (Mccaine and Huther). Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic retinopathyRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus And The Long Term Complications1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthis paper is to give a general idea of diabetes mellitus, epidemiology, role factors and complications that arise from it, comparing and exhibiting the distinctions between type I type II diabetes, the people who are in jeopardy of developing diabetic renal diseases and hypertension due to the complications identifying the general pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus the long term complications that may transpire. Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus is one of the very prevalentRead MoreIntensive Glucose Control Of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesTopic Intensive glucose control of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus to maintain blood glucose levels (BGLs) near normal range Introduction Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder which can occur from insufficient insulin secretion. Insulin is a hormone which is secreted by the pancreas and regulates BGLs (Loghmani, 2005; Nussey Whitehead, 2001). Type 1 diabetes is also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In this, the body produces no, or very little, insulin which canRead MoreType 2 Diabetes : An Overview Essay760 Words   |  4 PagesType 2 Diabetes: An Overview Diabetes mellitus is a disease that affects how an individual’s body metabolizes glucose (Blair, 2016; Franks, 2012; Scobie, McLean, Samaras, 2014; Spears, Schub, Pravikoff, 2015; WebMD, 2016c). People diagnosed with type 2 diabetes do not produce a sufficient amount of insulin to keep up with the demands of the body; which leads to hyperglycemia (Blair, 2016; Franks, 2012; Scobie et al., 2014; Spears et al., 2015; WebMD, 2016c). Glucose is the main source of energyRead MoreDiabetic Nephropathy Case Study1448 Words   |  6 PagesAim: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), classically defined by the presence of proteinuria is one of the major late microvascular complications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and leading to a decline in renal function. In the present study, three important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PPARG gene were analysed to understand the potential modifier effect of PPARG gene on the advancement of chronic kidney disease in DN. Methods: A total of 187 diabetic nephropathy patients (101 maleRead MoreThe Use of GLP 1 Analogues1608 Words   |  6 Pagesanalogues Patients with type 2 diabetes are at risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. Evidence has shown that an improvement in blood glucose control, as shown by a reduction in HbA1c levels, is associated with a reduction in microvascular complications (2,3,4). Evidence from ACCORD (2), UKPDS(3) and ADVANCE(4) suggests that intensive blood glucose control reduced composite endpoints for microvascular outcomes, but the impact on patient oriented outcomes such as renal failure or dialysisRead MoreEssay On The Road To Health With Prediabetes1205 Words   |  5 Pagesbut not high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. Despite advances in medical technology, treatments, and diagnoses, uncontrolled diabetes continues to rise in the United States (US) (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2016). Between 2012-2014, 33.9 % of the US population were diagnosed with prediabetes (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). According to the ADA (2016) in 2010 18.8 million of the population was diagnosed with diabetes, 7 million were undiagnosed, comparedRead MoreUsing Sglt 2 Inhibitors With Insulin Essay729 Words   |  3 PagesUSING SGLT-2 INHIBITORS WITH INSULIN IN TYPE 2 DIABETES: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Mathew John, Deepa Gopinath Introduction Diabetes and its complications account for significant healthcare costs in developed countries. The control of hyperglycemia forms the cornerstone in managing diabetes. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) has shown that improving blood sugars can result in reduction in onset of retinopathy, microalbuminuria and neuropathy. Follow up of the subjects in UKPDS afterRead MoreHealth Disease Choice : Diabetes802 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Disease Choice - Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic conditions encountered in the primary care setting. It is a lifetime condition that requires careful management to prevent debilitating complications, such as peripheral neuropathy, amputations, diabetic nephropathy, kidney failure, diabetic retinopathy, and blindness. It is also a cardiovascular risk factor to heart attack and stroke. Basing on my experience with my patient encounters as a nurse, most diabetics do